環氧樹脂的抗壓性
環(huan)氧(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)人工(gong)合(he)成的化(hua)(hua)(hua)學材料,主(zhu)要分(fen)雙酚(fen)A型、雙酚(fen)F型等(deng)(deng)類型,其分(fen)子結(jie)構(gou)決定了環(huan)氧(yang)地坪(ping)(ping)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學穩定性較強,不易磨損,耐壓(ya)、抗(kang)沖擊等(deng)(deng)特點,同時(shi),又不失顏色豐富的優勢(shi)。主(zhu)要適用于重工(gong)業(ye)區(qu),食品加(jia)工(gong)區(qu)、化(hua)(hua)(hua)學、電子行業(ye)、實驗室等(deng)(deng)具有(you)抗(kang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學腐蝕、防塵(chen)、防靜(jing)電、耐磨損。環(huan)氧(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)地坪(ping)(ping)是(shi)由環(huan)氧(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(可加(jia)砂漿)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)反應(ying)后形成的堅(jian)硬而(er)致(zhi)密的一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)地坪(ping)(ping)系統。無(wu)(wu)溶劑(ji)(ji)型環(huan)氧(yang)地坪(ping)(ping),固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)過程中無(wu)(wu)溶劑(ji)(ji)分(fen)子逃逸,固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)后分(fen)子間結(jie)合(he)緊(jin)密無(wu)(wu)孔隙,其分(fen)子間力有(you)氫(qing)鍵和范德華力,所以比混凝土更(geng)牢固(gu)、強度更(geng)高(gao),因此具有(you)極(ji)好的抗(kang)壓(ya)性
四大特點
1、“新”,是指地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)產品(pin)及工藝(yi)花樣(yang)翻新。地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)產品(pin)已從(cong)最(zui)初(chu)單一(yi)的耐磨地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)發(fa)展到環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹脂地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、防腐地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、PVC地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、水泥自流(liu)平(ping)、藝(yi)術(shu)混凝土地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)等(deng),環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)又發(fa)展為環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)彩(cai)(cai)砂(sha)、環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)磨石(shi)等(deng)等(deng),種類(lei)繁(fan)多,品(pin)種齊(qi)全。每(mei)一(yi)種產品(pin)中(zhong)又分門別類(lei)、自成一(yi)體,如環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)就包括涂裝型(xing)(xing)(xing)、高強砂(sha)漿型(xing)(xing)(xing)、自流(liu)平(ping)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、水性環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保型(xing)(xing)(xing)、彩(cai)(cai)砂(sha)麗質型(xing)(xing)(xing)、重質型(xing)(xing)(xing)、導靜電(dian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng),不一(yi)而足,特別是彩(cai)(cai)砂(sha)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)石(shi)英(ying)石(shi)等(deng)新品(pin)種,市(shi)場(chang)接受(shou)程度很快。
2、“熱”,是(shi)指地坪市場(chang)競爭(zheng)進入(ru)白熱化。由于(yu)地坪產(chan)品技(ji)術含量相(xiang)對不高,在資金、管理和(he)行(xing)業(ye)標準(zhun)等(deng)方(fang)面也沒有特別的(de)要求,因此入(ru)行(xing)的(de)門檻相(xiang)對較低。近(jin)年來隨著(zhu)北方(fang)地區(qu)地坪市場(chang)的(de)擴大,進入(ru)本行(xing)業(ye)的(de)企業(ye)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)多,行(xing)業(ye)競爭(zheng)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)激烈,特別是(shi)一(yi)些小企業(ye)加(jia)入(ru)后為了分得一(yi)杯之羹,不惜手段盲目殺價,導致產(chan)品價格和(he)行(xing)業(ye)利潤逐步走低,以(yi)水泥色(se)耐磨(mo)地面為例,目前(qian)在北京(jing)市場(chang)的(de)價格已(yi)降至每平(ping)方(fang)米10元左右,普(pu)通環氧地坪也只(zhi)能(neng)勉強維持成本。
3、“高”,是指客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)對(dui)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)不斷(duan)(duan)提(ti)高和項(xiang)(xiang)目產(chan)值(zhi)高。從功能上(shang)看(kan)地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)不但要發揮傳統意義(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong),即承載動靜荷(he),承受磨(mo)擦(ca)損耗(hao)、沖擊損壞及水、酸、堿(jian)、鹽、油、清洗劑等(deng)(deng)液體的(de)(de)(de)侵(qin)蝕,客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)還要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)其(qi)外表美觀,色彩(cai)一致(zhi),因此地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)又承擔(dan)著美化環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong),少數客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)甚至要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)具(ju)有防爆性(xing)(xing)、防火性(xing)(xing)、防靜電性(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)特殊功能。從質量(liang)上(shang)看(kan)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)也越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)高,有的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)對(dui)使用(yong)年限(xian)做出明確的(de)(de)(de)會同約定(ding)。從產(chan)值(zhi)上(shang)隨(sui)著客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)面的(de)(de)(de)重視和工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)筑(zhu)規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)增大,地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)工(gong)程(cheng)單個項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)值(zhi)也在(zai)不斷(duan)(duan)提(ti)高,如一些(xie)公司承攬的(de)(de)(de)某(mou)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)車庫(ku)環(huan)氧地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)產(chan)值(zhi)300萬(wan)元(yuan)、某(mou)物流(liu)庫(ku)耐磨(mo)地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)200余萬(wan)元(yuan),參與(yu)過的(de)(de)(de)許多煙(yan)草建(jian)設項(xiang)(xiang)目環(huan)氧彩(cai)砂、環(huan)氧石(shi)英石(shi)地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)招投標(biao)中,其(qi)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)多為上(shang)千萬(wan)元(yuan)。
4、“大”,是指地坪(ping)市場容量(liang)大。1999年(nian)開始在(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)京推(tui)銷(xiao)(xiao)地坪(ping)產(chan)品時并不(bu)被客(ke)戶所(suo)接受,產(chan)品推(tui)銷(xiao)(xiao)非(fei)常困難、業務量(liang)也非(fei)常小,但是經過幾(ji)年(nian)的(de)(de)不(bu)懈努力,該(gai)產(chan)品的(de)(de)優(you)點逐步被客(ke)戶接受、認同,現在(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)京市廠房、車(che)間(jian)、倉庫、物流中(zhong)心(xin)、超市、展館、車(che)庫、停車(che)場等場合,絕大多數均(jun)采用(yong)地坪(ping)產(chan)品作為地面,僅北(bei)(bei)京一地每年(nian)的(de)(de)市場就在(zai)(zai)(zai)300萬平方米以上。此(ci)外,天津、沈(shen)陽、長春等北(bei)(bei)方其它城市也有不(bu)少用(yong)量(liang)。可以預見隨著經濟的(de)(de)快速發展,地坪(ping)產(chan)品在(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)方地區(qu)的(de)(de)市場規模將越來越大。
水性環氧樹脂涂料的特性
環氧樹脂涂料附著力高,耐化學品和溶劑性優異,硬度高、耐磨性好,在工業上已獲得了廣泛的應用。傳統的環氧樹脂涂料通常為溶劑型,隨著人們對環境保護的要求日益迫切和嚴格,開發水性環氧體系——即不含VOC(揮發性有機化合物,Volatile Organic Compound)或不含HAP(有害空氣污染物,Hazardous Air Pollutants)的體系,日益成為新的研究方向。據介紹,水性環氧涂料具有無空氣污染、安全無毒、施工工具易于清洗等優點,可替代目前廣泛使用的溶劑型涂料,具有很大的經濟效益和社會效益。水性環氧樹脂分類、有多少類別?針對這一業界關心的話題,中國環氧樹脂行業協會這位專家作了專題介紹。
這位專家首先(xian)介紹說,根據(ju)制備方法(fa)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同,水(shui)(shui)性(xing)環氧(yang)(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)可分(fen)為(wei)外乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)型(xing)和內(自(zi)(zi))乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)型(xing)2大(da)(da)類,其中外乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)法(fa)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)環氧(yang)(yang)體系由(you)于存(cun)在(zai)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)劑,其耐(nai)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)和耐(nai)溶(rong)劑等(deng)性(xing)能比(bi)溶(rong)劑型(xing)的(de)(de)差(cha),而且(qie)適用期短且(qie)制得粒子粒徑(jing)較(jiao)大(da)(da),現(xian)在(zai)多不(bu)(bu)采用。介紹說,自(zi)(zi)乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)環氧(yang)(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)法(fa))通過化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)改性(xing),可以將一些親水(shui)(shui)性(xing)的(de)(de)基(ji)團(tuan)引入到環氧(yang)(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)子鏈(lian)上(shang),使環氧(yang)(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)獲得自(zi)(zi)乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)性(xing)質,這是自(zi)(zi)乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)環氧(yang)(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)制備的(de)(de)基(ji)本原(yuan)理(li);根據(ju)所引入的(de)(de)親水(shui)(shui)性(xing)基(ji)團(tuan)的(de)(de)性(xing)質不(bu)(bu)同,自(zi)(zi)乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)環氧(yang)(yang)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)為(wei)陰離(li)子型(xing)、陽(yang)離(li)子型(xing)和非離(li)子型(xing)等(deng)幾(ji)類。
其中(zhong)陰離子(zi)型(xing)通(tong)過適當的(de)(de)方(fang)法,在(zai)環(huan)(huan)氧聚合(he)(he)物分子(zi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)上引(yin)入(ru)羧酸、磺酸等(deng)功能性(xing)基(ji)(ji)團、中(zhong)和成鹽,使環(huan)(huan)氧樹(shu)脂具備水分散的(de)(de)性(xing)質,常(chang)(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)方(fang)法有功能性(xing)單體擴鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)法和自(zi)由基(ji)(ji)接(jie)技(ji)改性(xing)法。含(han)(han)胺(an)基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物與環(huan)(huan)氧反(fan)應(ying)(ying)生(sheng)成含(han)(han)叔胺(an)或(huo)季(ji)胺(an)堿的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)氧,用(yong)酸中(zhong)和后得(de)到(dao)陽離子(zi)型(xing)的(de)(de)水性(xing)環(huan)(huan)氧樹(shu)脂;通(tong)過含(han)(han)親水性(xing)的(de)(de)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)乙烯(xi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)段的(de)(de)聚乙二醇或(huo)其嵌(qian)段共(gong)聚物上的(de)(de)羥基(ji)(ji)或(huo)含(han)(han)聚氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)乙烯(xi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)上的(de)(de)胺(an)基(ji)(ji),與環(huan)(huan)氧基(ji)(ji)團反(fan)應(ying)(ying)可以將(jiang)聚氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)乙烯(xi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)段引(yin)入(ru)到(dao)環(huan)(huan)氧分子(zi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)上,得(de)到(dao)含(han)(han)非(fei)離子(zi)親水成分的(de)(de)水性(xing)環(huan)(huan)氧樹(shu)脂。該反(fan)應(ying)(ying)通(tong)常(chang)(chang)在(zai)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑存(cun)在(zai)下進行(xing),常(chang)(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑有三(san)氟化(hua)(hua)(hua)硼絡合(he)(he)物、三(san)苯基(ji)(ji)膦、強無(wu)機酸。
水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)還(huan)可按(an)體(ti)系(xi)中環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)質量分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)——基于(yu)(yu)體(ti)系(xi)中環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)質量高(gao)低不(bu)同,水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)系(xi)又可分(fen)(fen)(fen)為2類(lei):Ⅰ類(lei)體(ti)系(xi)基于(yu)(yu)液體(ti)或半(ban)固(gu)體(ti)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),如國(guo)產E-51(618)、Shell Epon828等,型(xing)的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)當量(EEW)范圍(wei)在(zai)175~240,其固(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)是(shi)在(zai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(A組分(fen)(fen)(fen))和固(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)(B組分(fen)(fen)(fen))一旦混(hun)(hun)合時乳(ru)化(hua)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用的(de),優點(dian)是(shi)在(zai)大多數(shu)情況下(xia),無須(xu)添(tian)加助溶劑(ji)就可形成良好的(de)乳(ru)液,因(yin)此I類(lei)體(ti)系(xi)通常不(bu)含任何(he)VOC,A、B組分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)混(hun)(hun)和更(geng)為均勻(yun),涂層聚結性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)很(hen)(hen)好,涂料產品具(ju)有(you)(you)高(gao)光澤度,硬(ying)度良好,對(dui)各種基材包括(kuo)木材、混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)都具(ju)有(you)(you)很(hen)(hen)好的(de)粘接性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。Ⅱ類(lei)水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)系(xi)是(shi)基于(yu)(yu)高(gao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)質量固(gu)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)、此時當量范圍(wei)在(zai)450~650,如國(guo)產E-21,與(yu)Ⅱ類(lei)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)乳(ru)液具(ju)有(you)(you)較(jiao)好相(xiang)容性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)固(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)散(san)體(ti)混(hun)(hun)合時不(bu)需要乳(ru)化(hua)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),Ⅱ類(lei)的(de)其他(ta)優勢在(zai)于(yu)(yu)粘接性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、防腐性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、柔韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)所提高(gao),貯存(cun)期更(geng)長(通常在(zai)4~8h)。
新型(xing)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)正在不(bu)斷開發(fa)出來,成為水(shui)(shui)性(xing)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個新的(de)(de)(de)(de)種類。 據表示,M.D.Soucek等從改(gai)變環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)分(fen)子結構出發(fa),發(fa)明(ming)了一種可(ke)交(jiao)聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)、核殼式脂(zhi)環(huan)(huan)族(zu)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)合(he)(he)物(wu)乳液,該(gai)類脂(zhi)環(huan)(huan)式環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)物(wu)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)結構,與縮水(shui)(shui)甘油醚型(xing)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)不(bu)同,沒(mei)有(you)一級環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)碳原子、環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)不(bu)缺電(dian)子,脂(zhi)環(huan)(huan)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)團位(wei)阻效應很大,不(bu)易受親核試(shi)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進攻(gong);由于環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)合(he)(he)物(wu)中沒(mei)有(you)苯環(huan)(huan),2個環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)距離(li)又(you)非常近(jin),固化(hua)產物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)聯度(du)很高(gao);該(gai)化(hua)合(he)(he)物(wu)在胺(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)存在下(xia)非常穩定,只有(you)在酸(suan)性(xing)條件(jian)下(xia)才有(you)反(fan)應活性(xing),同時這類水(shui)(shui)性(xing)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)具(ju)有(you)很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐熱(re)性(xing)、耐候性(xing)和電(dian)性(xing)能。